Within the AMON project, EPFL has developed a structured methodology for scaling ammonia-fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) power generation systems toward the tens-of-MW range. The approach focuses on modular, industry-aligned design principles that enhance system efficiency while respecting practical manufacturing constraints and deployment requirements.
Instead of designing every plant from scratch, the methodology proposes a standardized modular architecture, enabling SOFC systems to be assembled from predefined component modules. This strategy simplifies system integration, improves scalability, and reduces engineering complexity for large-scale deployment.
Figure 1. SOFC system configurations for enhanced anode off-gas utilization: (a) conventional design, and (b) hybrid design, single-layer stack (theoretical basis)
Highlights
- Modular system architecture.
The system is organized into standardized modules, upstream (fuel preparation), main modules (ammonia cracker and SOFC stacks), and downstream modules (burner and heat recovery). This enables plug-and-play assembly and easier scaling of power capacity. - Hybrid series–parallel stack configuration
A novel hybrid layout combines stacks in both parallel and series arrangements to optimize fuel utilization, improve thermal integration, and enable scalable system expansion. - Advanced recirculation strategies
Innovative approaches to anode and cathode off-gas recirculation improve fuel utilization and reduce the need for additional fuel and air supply, enhancing overall system efficiency.
Looking ahead
This work provides a scalable design foundation for ammonia-to-power systems, bridging the gap between laboratory-scale SOFC technology and industrial-scale deployment.
The next step is to extend the modular concept to multi-MW installations, enabling the development of practical plant layouts and paving the way for ammonia-based power systems supporting a low-carbon energy future.
Reference: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-69110-y.